The Benefits of Breastfeeding: Supporting Jaw Development and Airway Health

Breastfeeding has been shown to play a significant role in promoting proper jaw development and airway health. When an infant breastfeeds, they use more complex muscle movements in the jaw, tongue, and facial muscles compared to bottle-feeding, which helps shape the developing oral cavity and airway.

Research Insights:

1. Jaw and Muscle Development: Breastfeeding requires the infant to use their orofacial muscles in a coordinated manner, which promotes the development of the maxilla (upper jaw). A study published in the Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry (1)  found that children who were breastfed for longer periods tended to have better maxillary development, contributing to a more optimal oral structure and reducing the likelihood of malocclusion (misalignment of teeth) later in life.

2. Reduced Risk of Malocclusion: Systematic reviews in Pediatrics (2) and Nutrients (3)  note that breastfeeding for at least six months appear to significantly reduce the risk of dental malocclusions, such as crossbites and open bites, by promoting a more natural alignment of the jaws. This may be due to the physical demands of breastfeeding, which helps ensure the proper growth and alignment of the jaws and teeth.

3. Airway and Nasal Breathing: Breastfeeding also encourages nasal breathing, as infants must maintain a seal around the breast while breathing through their nose. This promotes a habit of nasal breathing over mouth breathing, which is crucial for proper airway development. Nasal breathing helps to filter, humidify, and warm the air before it enters the lungs, reducing the risk of airway obstructions like enlarged tonsils and adenoids.

4. Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Another study published in Pediatrics (4)  found that infants who were breastfed for a longer duration had a lower incidence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), such as obstructive sleep apnea. Researchers hypothesize that the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on airway development may help prevent airway collapse during sleep.

5. Long-Term Benefits: Some studies, like one published in the European Journal of Orthodontics (5), suggest that the effects of breastfeeding on jaw and airway development can last well into childhood and beyond, contributing to a reduced need for orthodontic intervention later in life. This can also minimize the risk of long-term issues related to airway obstruction, such as sleep-disordered breathing.

While breastfeeding offers several benefits for jaw and airway development, it’s important to acknowledge that not all mothers are able or choose to breastfeed—and that’s perfectly okay. There are many ways to support your child’s healthy growth, including through proper nutrition, oral habits, and regular check-ups with your healthcare provider. Every family’s journey is unique, and your child can still develop a healthy jaw and airway regardless of feeding choices.

CITATIONS

• 1. da Silva, M. R., Vieira, F. F., & Mendes, R. F. (2013). Breastfeeding and malocclusions: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 37(4), 369-374.

• 2. Peres KG, Cascaes AM, Peres MA, Demarco FF, Santos IS, Matijasevich A, Barros AJ. Exclusive Breastfeeding and Risk of Dental Malocclusion. Pediatrics. 2015 Jul;136(1):e60-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3276. Epub 2015 Jun 15. PMID: 26077480.

• 3. Abate A, Cavagnetto D, Fama A, Maspero C, Farronato G. Relationship between Breastfeeding and Malocclusion: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Nutrients. 2020 Nov 30;12(12):3688. doi: 10.3390/nu12123688. PMID: 33265907; PMCID: PMC7761290.

• 4. Montgomery-Downs, H. E., Crabtree, V. M., & Gozal, D. (2007). Infant-feeding methods and childhood sleep-disordered breathing. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1030-1035.

• 5. Sánchez-Molins, M., Grau Carbó, J., Lischeid, C. G., & Ustrell-Torrent, J. M. (2010). Comparative study of the craniofacial growth depending on the type of lactation received during the first six months of life. European Journal of Orthodontics, 32(3), 201-210.